Sunward-propagating Whistler Waves Collocated with Localized Magnetic Field Holes in the Solar Wind: Parker Solar Probe Observations at 35.7 R ⊙ Radii

Observations by the Parker Solar Probe mission of the solar wind at ∼35.7 solar radii reveal the existence of whistler wave packets with frequencies below 0.1 fce (20–80 Hz in the spacecraft frame). These waves often coincide with local minima of the magnetic field magnitude or with sudden deflections of the magnetic field that are called switchbacks. Their sunward propagation leads to a significant Doppler frequency downshift from 200–300 to 20–80 Hz (from 0.2 to 0.5 fce). The polarization of these waves varies from quasi-parallel to significantly oblique with wave normal angles that are close to the resonance cone. Their peak amplitude can be as large as 2–4 nT. Such values represent approximately 10% of the background magnetic field, which is considerably more than what is observed at 1 au. Recent numerical studies show that such waves may potentially play a key role in breaking the heat flux and scattering the Strahl population of suprathermal electrons into a halo population.