Optimal Placement of TCSC and DPFC on Nigeria Power Transmission Network for Capacity Enhancement

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the high costs and challenges associated with building new transmission lines highlight the need to optimize existing power transmission networks. This study focuses on optimizing or enhancing Nigeria's 28-bus power transmission system using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, specifically, Dynamic Power Flow Controller (DPFC) and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC). This research employed the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) in MATLAB to determine the optimal placement and sizing of DPFC and TCSC to minimize power losses, voltage deviations, and installation costs. Simulation results were compared, before and after incorporating the FACTS devices. In the base case, 32% of the buses had voltage profiles outside the acceptable range (0.95 to 1.05 p.u.), with real power loss of 602.91 kW and reactive power loss of 4559.69 kVAR. After optimally placing two DPFC and two TCSC devices in the system, all bus voltages were regulated to fall between 0.95 and 1.06 p.u., while real and reactive power losses were reduced by approximately 84.6% and 84.7%, respectively. This demonstrates a significant improvement in the efficiency and capacity of the power transmission network.